The city gardener. Containing the most experienced method of cultivating and ordering such ever-greens, fruit-trees, flowering shrubs, flowers, exotick plants, &c. as will be ornamental, and thrive best in the London gardens. By Thomas Fairchild, ... 1722

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Cultivating and Ordering ſuch

—

GARDENER.

Containing the moſt .

METHOD

Ever-greens, Fruit-Trees, flowering
Shrubs, Flowers, Exotick Plants, Oc.

as will be Ornamental, and thrive beſt
in the Lo vp G4 ö ENS

4 —_— — —
7

By Pune FaIxKcHIL p,
| Gardener of Horton. ;

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LE 0 N 5 N.

Printed fox T. Woo D wARD, at the Half-Moo
againſt St. Dunſtan's Church in Fleet-flreet, aud
J. P * rk, at Locke's Head in e Row.

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M. DCC, XXII.

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(Price One Solling.

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mann

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To the Honourable and Worſhipful
The GOVERNORS

Of the HoseiTALs of

BET RHELESEM

A N D

BRIDEWELL,

THESE

FA BK 'S,

For the Improvement of the

London GARDENS,

Are moſt humbly Preſented
and Dedicated by

Ther moſt Obedient
Humble Servant,

Tho. Fairchild.

4
*

3 8 - 5
Ng ů—

City GARDENER

INTRODUCTION.

HAVE upwards of thirty

Wy Years been placed near

I» Ground, where I have
SEE Rx=4 raiſed ſevcral thouſand
Plants, both from foreign Countries,
and of the Engliſi Growth; and in that
Time, and from the Obſervations I have
made in the London Practice of Garden-
ing, Ifind that every thing will not pro-

ſper in London; either becauſe the Smoke

of the Sea-Coal does hurt ro ſome plants,
or

London, on a Spot of

— — —

6 The Inroduttin.
or elf borcauke thoſe People, who have
Inth Gardens in London, do not know
how to manage their Plants when they
have got them: And yet I find, that al-
moſt every Body, whoſe Buſineſs requires
them to be conſtantly in Town, will
have ſomething of a Garden at any rate.
J have been therefore adviſed to give my
Thoughts in this Manner, that every
one in London, or other Cities, where
much Sea-Coal is burnt, may delight
themſelves in Gardening, tho' they have
never fo lictle Room, and prepare their
Underſtanding to enjoy the Country,
when their Trade and Induſtry has given
them Riches enough to retire from Buſi-
neſs.

The Books I have ned and the Con-
verfation T have had with a great Num-
ber of the Trading Part of Mankind, in-
form me, that all the Care, Labour,
and Induſtry of Men of Buſineſs tend
ro lead them in their latter Days into
Quiet and Eaſe, as well as to provide
Fortunes for their Families, And 1 have
lived to ſee ſome, who, from very ſmall
Beginings, both in Fortune and Oppor-

tunity

The Introduftion, 7

tunity of Gardening, have work d them-
ſelves ſo well through the World, chat
they are now Poſſeſſors of large Eſlates,
and many Acres diſpoſed after the beſt
Manner; which 1 think will not be amiſs
to mention, for the Encouragement of
ſuch who are now for the Sake of Trade
pinn d down to a narrow Compaſs of
Gardening; true Care and Induſtry will
make their Gardens larger, as the ſame
Care will increaſe their Fortunes.

One may gueſs at the general Love

my Fellow- Citizens have for Gardening,

in the midſt of their Toil and Labour,
by obſerving how much Uſe they make
of every favourable Glance of the Sun
to come abroad, and of their furniſhing
their Rooms or Chambers with Baſons
of Flowers and Bough-pots, rather than
not have ſomething of a Garden before
them. Nor is this Pleaſure leſs culti-
vated among Perſons of Quality, while
publick Affairs oblige them to the Town,
during the buſy Days of the Week ; I
have heard ſome ſay, that the Sight of

good Flowers, and their grateful Smell,

has made them often wiſh ro be enjoying

the

,

8 The Introdudtin..
the Pleaſures of their Country Gardens:
And fol find, that the Men of Buſineſs
are all upon the ſame Foot in ſeeking
Country Pleaſures. We may conſider
that then our judicious Traders in the
City have as much Reaſon to hope
for the Enjoyment of the Pleaſures of
this Life, as the Perſons of Quality,
which are in the higheſt Stations ; for
the Pleaſures of Gardening, or Country
Air, which I ſpeak of, are equally the
Right of one and the other. Now, when
Gardening goes ſo far among Men in ge-
neral, as to engage the Minds of the
moſt worthy Part of Mankind, or I
might ſay of all Men who have the
leaſt Time for Diverſion ; I ſee no Rea-
fon why I ſhould not cultivate this
innocent Pleaſure among my Fellow-Ci-
tizens ; that from the higheſt to the
loweſt, every one may be improving
their Talent, or even their Mite, in the
beſt Way they can, in order to increaſe.
their Quiet of Mind, to be fix'd in a
right Notion of Country Happineſs,
when their Affairs will permit them to
reach ſuch Pleaſures.

When

The Introdudtion.

When we are not yer arrived at the
Pleaſures of a large Garden, or cannot
enjoy the Benefic of a large Piece of
Ground, we content our ſelyes with a
Noſegay, rather than fail.

There is, I confeſs, a very wide Dif-
ference ; but where a little is only to be
had, we ſhould be content with a little;
Induſtry will always find out more: Tis
Money will be the Conſequence of In-
duſtry ; and that will always go for its
full Value, and bring us as many Acres as
it's worth; and in Proportion to the Mo-
ney Men get, ſo may their Gardens be
larger and better garniſh'd. And if their
Riches does not too much engage their
Mind, they may have Content roo ; for
whoever underſtands, and loves a Gar-
den, may have Content if he will, be-
cauſe he has Opportunity every Day of
contemplating the Works of the Crea+
rion, and of admiring the Power and
Wiſdom of the Creator ; which I think
is the greateſt Happineſs.

I think I need ſay no more of the
Book I am now publiſhing ; my Deſign
is only to inſtru * Inhabitants of

the

5

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| 10 The Iutroduction.

| the City, how they may in little ar-
rive at the Knowledge of managing and
delighting in thoſe Gardens, which their
preſent Induſtry leads them to retire to,
when their Buſineſs has given them ſuf.
ficient Fortunes to leave off Trade;
and I doubt not but, from my Experi-
ence, I may add ſome Benefit to thoſe
who have already began to ſhew their
Love for Gardening, even in the ſmall-
eſt Way, let it be never ſo little.

nn —

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CHAP. I.

Of Squares, and large open Places in
London and Weſtminſter : The
Plants proper to adorn them.

OME Gentlemen, who have been
abroad, have told me, that there is

no publick Place for Walking in any Ci-
ty on this ſide Italy, that is ſo pleaſant
as St. James s Park. The Gardens be-
longing to the French King at Paris, are
not near it in Beauty, as I am inform d.

The

The City Gardener. 11

The Park at St. Jamess is of a large
Extent and diſpoſed in handſome Walks
of Lime-Trees and Elms, a large regular
Canal; a Decoy for Ducks. And altho' it
is as much oppreſs'd with the London
Smoke, as almoſt any of our great
Squares; yet the wild Fowl, ſuch as
Ducks and Geeſe, are conformable to it,
and breed there; and there is an agtee-
able Beauty in the Whole, which is
wanting in many Country Places. The
Quantity of Ground, which now lies in
a manner waſte in Moorfields, might un-
doubtly be render'd: very: agreeable, was
it to be adornd after rhe: ſame manner,
and he as delightful to the Citizens, as
St. Jamess Park is to the Courtiers.
The Space of Ground is indeed large
and open:;to the Country on one Side;
but then when the other Sides are encom-
paſs d with Sea-· Coal Smoke, ſome would
imagine there can be very little Hopes
of a Country Proſpect in ſuch a Place.
Nay, this Smoke prevails ſo far, that
half a Mile nearer the open Country, it
is ſenſibly felt; and yet not only Elms,
Limes, and Becch- Trees grow there, but
B 2 the

12 The Cit City Gardener.
the moſt ungovernable Sorts of wild
Fowl make it the Place of their Re-
ſort.

The Duke of Buckingham's Gardens,
the Lord Godolphin s, the Duke of Marl-
horoug Hs, the Royal Gardens, and others
which bring gdod Fruit and Flowers, are
Joining to this Park; the common Birds
of the Woods ate familiar in theſe Gar-
dens, as well as the Park. And ſince
this is plainly Matter of Fact, why may
we not in many Places, that are airy in
the Body of London, make ſuch Gar-
dens as may be dreſs d in a Country man-
ner? There is St. James s Square, Lin-
coin - Inn Fields, and Bhoomsbury Square,
beſides others, which might be brought
into delightful Gardens. |

The plain way of laying out Squares
in Graſs Platts and Gravel Walks; does

not ſufficiently give our Thoughts an Op-

portunity of Country Amuſements ; I
think ſome ſort of Wilderneſs-Work will
do much better, and divert the Gentry
better than looking out of their Win-
dows upon an open m—_— for which

Reaſon

The City Gardener, 13
Reaſon I ſhall explain what my Opinion
is about ſuch Squares very particularly.

In the fr/# place; If a Square was
planted in the Manner of a Wilderneſs,
ic would be a Harbour for Birds.

244%, The Variety of Trees would
be delightful to the Eye.

34hy, Groves and Wilderneſſes would
be new and OO in a London Pro-
ſpect.

4 , The walks, tho regular as the
Walks in the common Squares, would
be more ſhady and more private, and the
Hedges and the Groves of Trees in eve-
ry Quarter would hide the Proſpect of
the Houſes from us; every Houſe would
command the Proſpect of the Whole, as
well as if it was lay'd out in plain
Graſs Platts and Walks.

And, 5thly, Every Fountain made in
| ſuch Places, would have double the Beau-
ty it would have in plain Squares, as is
now the Faſhion ; and notwithſtanding
what may be objected to Fountains in
this Wilderneſs-Work, that a Fountain
cannot be diſcover d in the Proſpect of
every Houle ; I fay, that it may be

done

14 Te City Gardener.
done with Eaſe, to make it appear or
ſhew it ſelf as well to one Houſe as ano-
ther, as my Draught will ſhew.
But the Draught I give may be varied
by thoſe who make or fit up ſuch Squares.
I place ir here only as a ſmall Example
of what may be done; I am very ſenſi-
ble it may be very much improved.
Now when we have fix d upon a
Draught or Deſign for a Square, we
muſt conſider what will grow in it, or
elſe our Labour will be loſt; and eſpe-
cially how to make it look _—_y in the
Winter, and that Part of the Spring,
when Perſons of Diſtinction are in Town,
or elſe the main Foundation of the De-
ſign will be loſt; for they will not pay
for a Thing that they have no Benefit
of, or Pleaſure in. |
Therefore, firſt, I ſhall mention what
Sorts of Ever-gt cens will grow in Lon—
don, as I have found by my own Expe-
rience ; tho tis to be conſider'd, that
the Plants that will grow in a Square or
large Place, will not always grow in a
Street or a Court. But that 1 ſhall ex-
plain more fully by and by.

Firſt,

Tie City Gardener. 16

Firſt, The common green Holly will
grow very well, and laſt a long time,
and of the variegated Kinds, the Bleach
and Ecless Holly will do the beſt.

Secondly, The Ivy will thrive very
well, and afford an agreeable Green all
the Winter.

Thirdly, The Engliſß Box will grow
well, and be very ornamental.

Fourthly, The Italian Ever. green Pri-
vet will thrive well.

Fifthly, The Ilex or Ever-green Oak
will grow, and make an hangiome Ap-
pearance. And, 1 1

Sixthly, The Laurus or common Bay
will live and be proſperous, and make
a very good Show ; but the Laurel, Phi-
lirea, Alaternus, and others of our hardy
Greens, will not do ſo well in London.

Theſe ſix Sorts will afford good Va-
riety, and dreſs out a Garden for Win-
ter very well ; but for the Sake of the
Spring, when the Company is generally
in Town, we ſhould intermix with them
ſome Flowers, Shrubs, and, ſuch Trees
as Will yield a Beauty in their tender

opening

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16 The City Gardener.
opening Buds n cheſe are many in
Number.

The flowering Shrubs. are,

Firſt, The Lilac, either with the whice;
blue, or purple Flower, will thrive very
well, and bloſſom very freely in Lon-
don, eſpecially in open Places.

Secondly, The Laburnum will grow
very well, and flower plentifully, making
a beautiful Appearance with its Strings
of yellow Flowers.

Thirdly, The Spaniſb Broom will like-
wiſe do very well, and make a good
Show withits Spikes of yellow Bloſſoms.

Fourthly, The Scorpion, bladder Sen-
na, and Citiſſus 2 Clutis will make
a good Show with their yellow Flowers;
as one may obſerve in ſome little Courts
or Gardens in Lincoln o- Inn Fields.
Fiſthly, The common white Jeſſamin
is a Plant which grows and bloſſoms
very freely in London.

Sixthly, The gildet Roſe, for a Mix-
ture with the others, may do very well.
Seventhly, The Province Roſe, white
and red, will grow in London ; but no
other Sort of Roſe will ſtand in the City
Gardens,

The City Gardener. 17
Gardens, ſince the Uſe of Sea-Coal';
tho' I am inform'd that they grew very
well in London, when the Londoners
burnt Wood.

Eighthly, The Paſſion-Tree will hive
well, and bear Bloſſoms, without the
Trouble of houſing ir.

Ninthly, I am told the Syringe grew
very well in Soho-Square ; and alſo the
Althea: frutex has bloſſom'd well in Lon.

Tenthly, Apples will bloſſom very
freely in the open Parts of London, and
make a beautiful Show as any of the
flowering Shrubs; but they ſeldom beat
Fruit, unleſs they are gtaffed upon Para-
diſe Stocks. |

Eleventhly, Pears thrive very well iti
London; and beſides the fine Show they
make when they are in Flower, they will
bear very good Ftuit, as may be obſervd
in very cloſe Plates and confined Allies
about Barbican, and other Parts abbut
Alderſgate-fireet, Biſhapſgate-ftreer, &c.

To theſe we may add the Vine, which
will do very well in London, either a-
gainſt ww of without them. In Let

© fes

18 The City Gardener.

ceſter-Fields, there is a Vine that bears
good Grapes every Year; and in many
cloſe Places, ſuch as Tavern Yards, there
are Vines now growing in good Perfecti-
on, and even bear good Fruit; ſo that
we might diſtribute them among the
Plants in the Wilderneſs Quarters.

The Virginian Accacia makes a good
Figure, and a large Tree. There was
one of them growing in the cloſe Paſſage
between the New and Old Palace yard
Weſtminſter, about two or three Years
ago, and I ſuppoſe it may be {till grow-
ing there; and there is ſome now grow-
ing at Ruſſel Houſe in Bloomsbury Square.

We have Inſtances enough of the Elm,
chat it will do well in London, from the
large Trees now growing in the Temple,
and ſeveral other Inns of Court.

All the Squares which are already made,
are Proofs that the Lime-Tree will bear
the London Smoke, and will grow even
in the cloſeſt Places; as in little Courts
and Yards belonging to Taverns, tho
in the Heart of the City.

The Mulberry likewiſe thrives very
well i in London, in very cloſe Places, ei-
ther in the Ground or in Tubs. Figgs

The City Gardener.
Figgs proſper extremely in the City,
and the Smoke has no ill Effect upon
them.. The Reverend Dr. Bennet has
ſome of them in his Garden at Cripple-
gate; which, by the new Way of Pruning,
are well ſet for Fruit; and I queſtion
not bur they will ripen very well ; for
Figgs have brought their Fruit to Perfec-
tion in much cloſer Places than the Doc-

ror's Garden. Figgs have ripen'd very

well in the Rolls“ Gardens in Chancery-
Lane.

The White Thorn will likewiſe grow
very well in the Ciry. I believe the
higheſt Tree of the Kind in England, is
now growing in London, in a cloſe Alley
leading from W/hitecroſs-ſtreet towards
Bunhill Fields. And as this Sort of Plant
is very carly in its Shoots, it will make
a pretty early Ornament in Squares,
There are good Hedges of this Plant in
the Charter-houſe Gardens, altho' fur-
rounded with Houſes.

The Platanus, or Plane-Tree, likewiſe
will do very, well; and from the Large.

neſs of its Leaf, will make a fine Figure.

There are Trees of them now in the
C 2 Church-

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| 20 The ie City Guinea

1 Church- yard at St. Dunſtan's in the Eaſt,
f above forty Foot high, which bear ripe
Fruit, even ſo. good as to produce young
Plants.

The Horſe Cheſnut will likewiſe make
a fine Appearance, with its beautiful
Spikes of Flowers; and it gives an ex-
cellent Shade, and grows very quick. We
have an Inſtance of this in the Maſter

of the Temple s Garden, where there is
little or no Sun,

'The Morello Cherry will live and
thrive very well in London; and; not on-
ly; bloſſom, but bring Fruit to Perfection,
in the moſt airy Paxts of the City.

The Almond ſhould by no means be
forgot, for its great Beauty, when it is
| in Flower, which comes very carly in the
Spring. "Twill make a fine Appearance,

m and proſper, very well in the open Parts
N of the City. 1
The Curran alſo will grow very well
in London, and will help to fill the Wil-
derneſs: Work of Squares.
106 There is no Honey - ſuckle that will
| grow in the City, but one Sort, which
10 comes from, Archangel, which we call
* the

Tbe City Gardeuer. 21
the Ruſſian Honey · ſuckle, and will thrive
very well in London, as I have expe-
rienced.

I am almoſt perſwaded, that the Olive-
Tree would grow well in London; and I
am credibly inform d, that in the City of
Exeter, Oranges and Myrtles grow there
in the Gardens without Shelter; and the
Firing of that City is chiefly Sea-Coal :
But I ſhall have Occaſion of ſaying ſome-
thing more on this Head in another
Chapter.

The Mezereon will likewiſe do very

well; they thrive now in the Gardens
at Bridewell.

Of Flowers that will grow well in Lon-
don fit for the adorning of Squares.

FOR the Edging of Borders in Squares,
the Plant call'd Thrift, or Sea- Gilly flower,
has been generally uſed, and with good
Succeſs. There are two or three Sorts
of it; but the beſt is chat which is
calld the Scarlet-Thrift. The Plant has
Leaves like Graſs, which grow in large
Tufts, and in the flowering Seaſon makes
a very good Show, the whole Plant

then

22 The City Gardener.
then being cover'd over with Flowers.
This Plant will laſt a good while, and
is the beſt binding Edging you can uſe
in London. EW

In the Borders within this Edging,
there will be room for ſeveral Sorts of
Flowers, beſides Annuals ; and thoſe are
chiefly

Lillies, which if they are of the white
flowering Kind, will make a good Show
in the Winter; for their Leaves are above
Ground all that Time, and look very plea-
ſant to the Eye; but for the Sake of Va-
riety, at the flowering Seaſon, let them

be intermix d with the Orange-Lilly, and

five Sorts of Martagons, which makes a
fine Show. But the Leaves of this laſt
Sort does not appear above Ground till
about March.

There are ſtriped Sorts of both theſe,
which are much admired. For without

flowering, they have as fine an Appcar-
ance as moſt Flowers that grow; the
yellow and green Stripes of their Leaves
are ſo gay. There is another Sort be-
ſides, which I have lately purchas'd from
abroad, that has its Flower ſtriped in

ſcarlet

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The City Gardener. 23
ſcarlet and white, which bloſſoms very
well, and is very beautiful.

The Perennial Sun-flower is alſo ano-
ther Plant that will thrive very well in
the Ciry Gardens, and will make a good
Show in the Summer with its large yel-
low Flowers ; and this blows higher than
the Lillies, commonly abour four or five
Foot.

The Sweet-William will alſo grow ve-
ry well. They make a very good Ap-
pearance, and laſt in Flower a great
while. There are the white, the ſtriped
red and white, and the deep red flower-
ing Kinds. Theſe blow about a Foot
high.

The Primroſe-Tree is a Plant that
makes a good Show, and will grow well
in London. Its Flower-ſtalks will ſome-
times be near three Foor high, garniſh'd
from Top to Bottom with large yellow
Flowers.

In the next Place, we ſhould have
Regard to the Aſters or Starworts, and
eſpecially the Italian Sort, whoſe Flow-
ers are of a fine purple Colour, and bloſ.
ſoms in Autumn. The Virginia Sort is

alſo

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alſo a fait Flower, and makes a fine Show:
And there is another Sort which flowers
in October, and is calld the October Flow-
er, that alſo makes a good Appeatance,
A and ſhould be cultivated in London more
1 than it is at preſent.
| The Lillies are, the White Lilly, the
1 early Roman- Lilly, the Fiery or Flaming
1 Lilly, and the Orange-Lilly.
ft The Martagons are, the Common, the
|
|

1 24 The City Gardener.
i

Pompony Martagon, the Imperial Mat-
tagon, White Martagon, the Scarlet Mar-
tagon.

The Pompony Martagon is ſo great a
Flower, that I have ſeen near threeſcore
i Bloſſoms upon one Stalk.

The ſcarler Lychneſs, both double and
ſingle, will ſtand well in London, and
| may be beſt planted in the Spring; but
10 all the Sorts of Lillies and Martagons
. ſhould be planted in Autumn.

The Campanula and Canterbury Bell

45 does very well, and Holy Oak will
id, make a good Figure in the Squares and
F open Places.
ot The French Honey-ſuckle will make a

N beautiful Appearance, yielding fine
—

„„

The City Gardener. 25
Spikes of Flowers of a deep Peach-bloom
Colour.

Alſo the Dwarf-flag Iris comes very
early with its bright blue Flowers, and
makes as good an Appearance as any
Flower I have yet mentioned.

The Day-Lilly likewiſe grows very

well even in cloſe Places, where it makes

a good Show, and flowers freely.

The Monks-hood makes a very good
Appearance with its Spikes of blue Flow-
ers ; and alſo the Lilly of the Valley
does not only grow well, but bloſſom
every Year. There is an Inſtance of it
now in a cloſe Place at the Back of Guild-
hall.

For the further Imbelliſhmenr of theſe
Places, we may alſo plant Colchicums,
which make a fine Show in Autumn.

The Everlaſting Pea thrives and bloſ-
ſoms very well when it has ſtood a Year
or two; but often tranſplanting it, hin-
ders its flowering.

The Fraxinella grows and flowers ve-
ry well in Aldermanbury. —

The double Roſe, Campion, Valerian,
and double Featherfew, will all grow

D and

—

— — * . PIR
— —

* 1
*

—

7 * «
- l TIF 4
* 1 1 .

26 The City Gardener.

and floutiſh in the City, and ſhould be
planted in the Spring freſh out of the
Gardens; for it is too commonly the Caſe
that the Roots of theſe Plants cither
dry and periſh, or are rotted by too long
ſoaking in Water, if they have been any
time in the Markets.

J think I have now done with the
Flowers that will remain good in the
Ground all the Year about ; I ſhall next
ſpeak of thoſe which are bulbous root-
ed, and ſhould be taken up from time to
time.

Pinks and Carnations will hold very
well in London, in open Places, if they
are taken care of in the Winter.

But Stock July Flowers and Wall-
Flowers will not laſt above a Summer in
Town, as far as my Experience informs
me; but I defire that may not hinder
others from trying. There may be, for
ought I know, fome Means found out
to preſerve ſuch Plants : Bur I will not
pretend to teach more than I have expe-
rienced. The ſureſt Way to have them
do well, is to tranſplant them carefully,
and ſuddenly, with good Balls of Earth
about their Roots. CHAP.

4 —

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Ay" - * '
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— hit
UF 111 ;

Tbe City Gartner. 27
uo .
Of making and adorning Squares ; and

bow to diſpoſe the ſeveral Plants in
them,

” TAvins now treated of ſuch Ever-
greens, Trees for Shade, flower-
ing Shrubs and Flowers proper
to adorn a Square ; I come next to the
diſpoſing of them in ſuch a manner as
will afford the beſt Appearance.
The Part of the Draught, mark'd A, is
a Graſs Platt encompaſs'd with a Bed for
Flowers ; and in the middle of the Graſs
may be placed a Statue, or Urn, which
will give agood Ornament: Between this
Graſs and the Border, ſhould be a Wa-
ter -Table about eighteen Inches, or two
Foot wide, to be laid with red Sand, or
Cockle-Shells, and the Border a a to be
planted with Flowers, as follows.
The durable Edging ſhould be Scarlet-
Thrift, or Dutch-Box, if the Place be
very open; *and at four Inches diſtance
from it in the Border, ſhould be ſet Cro-
cus of ſeyeral Kinds; and here and there

D 2 ſome.

— — -
—— —

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28.

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NS.
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2338

28 The City Gardener. ©
ſome of the Winter-Aconire, whoſe yel-
low Flowers willmake an agreeable Show
early in the Spring. Within theſe again,
we may plant ſome of the great and
| ſmall Stars of Hethlem or Ornithogalum,
which with their Spikes of white Flow-
ers will make a good Appearance. We
may alſo put in ſome Hyacinths of the
white and blue Sorts, which will blow
well if they are taken up every Year, for
elſe they will be ſo apr to increaſe in
ſmall Roots, that they will not bloſſom
as they ſhould do; and to crown the
whole, we ſhould plant ſome Tulips at
proper Diſtances in the Lines, which will
be very ornamental in rhe time of their
Flower, But as the Gaiety of the Flow-
ers I haye named, will be over by the
End of May; ſo we muſt take Care to
provide ſomerhing to ſucceed them,
which may be Sweer-Williams, Italian
Starwort, and the true Primroſe ; bur 1
think Lillies are too high for this Bed :
But then we have ſufficient Amends made
us for this Want, by the numberleſs Va-
xieties of annual Flowers, which will
garniſh the Bed with Flowers of all Co.

tour 87

The City Gardener. 29
lours, till Oober. As for Example, a-
mong the Dwarf. Kinds, there is the
Annual-Stock, Venus - Looking-Glaſs,
Venus Navelworr, Candy-Tufts, ſmall
blue-Convolvulus, Flos-Adonis, Cya-
nus, Dutch-Poppy, Garden-Poppy, Chi-
na-Pinks, Lupines, Nigilla Romana,
Sweet-ſcented Peas, wing'd Peas, Heart-
Eaſe, or Viola-Tricolor ; theſe being
properly intermix d, will afford a conſi-
derable Ornament to the Border I have
mention d; but that will depend upon
the Perſon's Judgment that has the or-
dering and keeping of ſuch a Plantation.
But to conclude my Relation of this
Bed of Flowers, it may be neceſſary to
inform my Readers ofthe particular Beau-
ties of the Annual-Flowers J have men-
tion d, that they may gueſs at what is
ro be expected from a Border garniſh'd,
as I have directe.
In the firſt Place, the Dwarf Annual- +
Stock grows in little Tufts, well furniſh'd
with Flowers of a Peach-bloom Colour,
and will hold about ſix Weeks.
Venus Looking-Glaſs grows likewiſe
in low Tufts, cover d with deep blue

Flowers, and laſts about fix Weeks. Ve:

30 The City. (Guidewirs

Venus Navelwort is alſo. a ſmall _—_
ed Plant, garniſh'd with white Reeys
and laſts about ſix Weeks. |

Candy-Tufts are of two Sorts, only
diffeving in the Colour of their Flowers;
the one ———4 and the other red. The
Plant grows in a little low Tuft, and
brings likewiſe its Flowers in Tufts, and
makes a good Show for ſix Weeks.

Small blue Convolvolus ſpreads upon
the Ground, and bears its Flowers at the
Joints. They are ſhaped like a Bell; of a
fine azure Colour, with a Mixture of white
and yellow in the Middle. This Plant
keeps bloſſoming above two Months.

Flos - Adonis is a pretty Plant, with
ſmall cut Leaves; among which are pla-
ced its Flowers of a dazling red en
It laſts about two Months. T

Cyanus, or Bottle-Flower, is abou a
Foot high, bearing its Flowers on the
Top, of various Colours, viz. white
Fleſh- colour, and of ſeveral Kinds of
blue. They laſt above ſix Weeks.

Dutch-Poppy grows in the manner of
the Field-Poppy, but brings one of the
moſi beautiful Flowers chat can be ima-

re

The City Gardener. 31

gin d. They are commonly as double
as a Roſe of a rich Scarlet ſtriped with
white, as fine as a Carnation.

The Garden- Poppy makes a 1
plant than the Dutch- Poppy, and brings
very large Flowers, and very double;
ſome Purple and White, ſome all Purple,
others all White; ſome all Red, and ſome
ſtriped with White and Red. They make
an extraordinary Show, but hardly laſt
three Weeks.

The China-Pink, or Indian-Pink, has
only this in it, which ſeems to ſuffer ir
to grow in Places annoy d with the Smoke
of the Sea-Coal ; and that is, becauſe it
bloſſoms the ſame Year thar the Seed is
ſown ; which our other Pinks or Carna-
tions never do, no more than the Sweet
William, which is of the ſame Family.
Theſe Indian Pinks, indeed, do not only
bloſſom the firſt Year, but will remain
good in the Country two or three Years:
Their Bloſſoms are of various Kinds with
Regard to their Colours; ſo that they
diſtinguiſh themſelves i in all the Courſe
of Colours between White and Black,
valeſs in the Yellow for there are ſome

1 avs which

32 The Giy Gardener.

which tend towards Blue very much, fo
deep is their Purple.

I obſerve in Pinks and Carnations, the
Red and White prevails moſt, and the
Purple veryrarely, but in ſome Caſes on-
ly; but a ſtrict Blue never, no more than
a ſtrict Yellow ; tho I have heard of a
yellow Carnation, but never ſaw it. Now
when any of theſe Carnations run to a
plain Colour, they run to the deepeſt of
their Colours, either the Red or the
Purple, but never to the White, as Ican
find.

The Lupine is of four or ſive Kinds,
vir. that with the yellow Flower, the
ſmall blue Flower, the great blue Flow-

er, and the red, and that with the white
Flower. Theſe all bear their Flowers on

Spikes, and make agreeable Figures.
'Tis the Opinion of ſome, that the Yel-
low, which is moſt common, is moſt to

be admired, becauſe its Spikes of Flow-

ers are well ſet with Bloſſoms, and thoſe -
Bloſſoms are ſcented like Violets; but

there are ſo many different Taſtes,” that

I cannot judge which is the beſt. Some
chuſe a Blue rather than tie Yellowy _

.

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others love Flowers without any „
rather than thoſe that have been much
eſteem d for their fine Smell.
The Nigila-Romana, or as ſome have —
it, the Devil in the Buſh, is rather an odd
Plant, than beautiful in its Flower; for
the Bloſſom is of a very pale blue Co-
lour, and is encompaſsd with ſhagged
Leaves, as if it was tyd up in a Bunch
of Fewel; however, one would not be
without it for the ſake of its ſtrange Ap-
pearance.
The ſweet-ſcented Pea makes a *
tiful Plant, having Spikes of Flowers of
a red and blue Colour. The Scent is
ſomewhat like Honey, and a little tend-
ing to the Orange-flower Smell. T hen
bloſſom a long time.
; + The wing d Pea is a dwarf Plant, but
makes a pretty Figure when it is in Flow-
er. Its Bloſſoms are of a glaring red,
and its Cods of Peas are furbelow'd on
the Edges. It laſts in Beauty ou rwo
Months.
Heart-Eaſe, or Viola:Tricolor, is a
{nal Plant, which lies flat᷑ to the Ground,
b Flowers are very much to be ad-

| E | Ky | mired: ©

9 34 The „ Garden.

mired for their beautiful Colours, which
are commonly Yellow, Purple, and White;
and ſometimes otherways boautified.
They laſt a good while in Flower, and
will bloſſom almoſt at any Time of the
Year, according to the Time of ſowing
them.

Thus far T have given the ande an
Aerdunt of the Flowers, which may be
uſed for the more open Borders in a Lon-
don Square; but thoſe Places might o-
therways be made Fountains of, and the
Sight of ſuch might perhaps pleaſe ſome
People as much as the Sight of theſe lit-
tle Parterres. Some large Baſons of Wa-
ter in ſuch a Place might be uſeful, if
any of the Neighbours ſhould be diſturb d
by Fire. But this depends upon thoſe
who will be at the Expence of beautify- %
ing ſuch Squares. |

We next come to the manner of adorn-
ing the Borders under the Hedges, which
bound the ſeveral Diviſions of our Wil-
derneſs-Work. The Borders mark'd BB
in the Draught, are choſe * which
A mean.

be Flowers for theſe Bord may be
812 7 more

The City Gardeuer. 36

more tall than in the other Beds. Here
we may have Lillies, either the Orange

or white-flowerd Kinds; the Perennial
Sun-flower, Tree Primroſe, and Sweet-
Williams, and Martagons to blow at dif-
ferent Seaſons, and the Roman-Lilly,
Fleming-Lilly, the Edging of Thrift, and
within that a Line of Crocus of the Yellow,
and behind that a Line of the Purple Sort;
ſome Ornithogalums, and ſome Tulips,
or other Flowers mention d for the Orna-

ment of the other Beds. But among the

durable Flowers, we ſhould not omit the
Starworts, which blow high, and make
a good Show, with their purple and. ya
low Bloſſoms. f

As for Annuals, which blow tall, they
are neceſſary to ſucceed the Flowers! have
mention d; the Great Convolvulus, the
Scarlet-Bean, which are Twiſters, the

Great Purple Amaranth, the Annual Sun-

flower, if we pleaſe, the French Mary-

gold, rhe African Marygold, Sweet-Sul-

tan, Female-Balſams. Theſe will do ve-
ry well, if che Walks are open enough
to allow them even the London Air with |

| keene. W | | 11 «x

* 14 1 191 , \
n "

36 The City Gardener.
The Flowers which are durable, and
are here recommended, need not be de-
ſcribed ; but becauſe every one may not
perhaps judge of the Annual Sorts, I ſhall
ſay a Word or two N their Beau-
ties,

The Great Conrotretuss is a | ewiſting
plant, and requires a Supporter. The
Plant of it ſelf does not make an extra-
ordinary Figure, but the Bloſſoms, which
are of a Bell! make, ate large, and of a
purple Colour,, The Plant woche in Bloſ-
ſom a great while

The Scarlet Bean, fo caltd. I the
Colour of irs Flowers, makes a fine Ap.
pearance when it is in Bloſſom ; the Spikes
of Flowers are pretty: long, and well ſet;
and if they have Liberty, and a Support
from their begining to grow, will hold
flowering ſeveral Monts.

The Great Purple Amaranth; or Princes
Feeder, will make a large Plant, if it
likes the Ground. Its Leaves are of a
purple Colour, and its long Strings of
Bloſſoms, which in ſome Places have
meaſured two Foot in length, makes it

as handſome a Plant as one would deſire.

It holds in Beauty ſeveral Months, Tho

Tbe City Gardener. 37
The Annual Sun- flower is alſo a ramp-
ing Plant, but makes little better Show
than the Perennial Sün- flower, only the
Bloſſom of the Annual Sort is larger than
the other; and the double · bloſſom d
Sort flowers a great while.

The French Marygold will make 3 an
agreeable Mixture in theſe Borders, with
its beautiful Velyet Flowers, intermix'd
with yellow and red Colours. Ir flow-
ers ſeveral Months, and is one of the
moſt agreeable Annuals we have. In
theſe open Places, it may be ſown inthe
Spring, in order to make a large Plant;
but my ingenious Friend and Brother-
Gardener, Mr. Benjamin Whitmill, ſows
them in Winter, that they may bloſſom
in a narrow Compaſs the ſucceeding Sum-
mer, for the ſake of thoſe who have ve-
ry little Room, and are deſirous of Flowers.

The African Marygold is alſo a fine
Plant, and bloſſoms like the former for
many Months. However, the Flowers of
theſ are much larger than the French Ma-
ry gold but then they are only Yellow,
without any Mixture of other Colour,
which occaſions the chief Beauty of the

| * Marygold, F The

38 The City Gardener.

The Sweet - Sultan is of three or four
Sotts; one kind has a purple Flower, a-
nother a white Flower, and the third has
a yellow Flower; but this laſt is very
ſcarce. The Smell of this Flower is like
Musk; it laſts bloſſoming many Months.

The Female-Balſams make very agree -
able Plants, yielding Flowers, ſome of a
purple Colour, ſome of a Peach- bloom
Colour, and ſome white; and again ſome
are mix d with one of theſe Colours, and
white. They laſt a long while in Flower.

There are yet ſome other Flowers that
would grow and thrive in ſuch large Places
as St. Zames's Square, Bloomsbury Square,
Moor fields, or Lincoln s- Inn Fields, &. as
well as in the Temple Garden, and other
Gardens in London and Weſtminſter ; but
theſe are enough at preſent. I ſhall there-
fore now proceed to treat of the other
proper Embelliſhments for a Square zrhar
is, the Trees for Shade, the Ever-greens;
and flowering Shrubs. And firſt, of thoſe
which will do beſt for Hedges, to divide
the Quarters. ok ]

The Plants proper for Hedges in this
Caſe, are either Limes or Elms; and of
9 +4 1268

The City Gardener. 39
the latter, either the Dutch or Engliſh
Elm will do well; and the Hawthorn or
Whitethorn, which makes good Hedges
in the Charter-houſe Wilderneſs, The
Ever-greens, which I have mention d, do
not thrive ſo well with much Cutting,
as they will do otherwiſe; for the ſmoky
Air of the Town ſeems to have a very
confiderable Effect upon them, when they
are prun d; tho' it is ſtill convenient to
prune off the dead Wood when we find
it. We muſt conſider, that in Narure
there is no ſuch thing as Pruning ; and
when a Tree is under the Power of the
London Smoke, which is not ſo free and
open, nor ſo healthful to it as the Coun-
try Air, it has enough to do to ſupport
Life; and ir would therefore do it adou-
ble Injury ro wound it with the Knife,
when it wanted convenient Help to heal

its Wounds, and was but low in Health ;

' tho” it might bear with worſe Treatment,
if it enjoy d its natural Station, where
every thing wasready for irs Support and
Preſervation. Some learned Men ſay, that
whatever can be made agreeable to a ſick
Man, will help his Cure, or contribute to
Kin his

A

. 936 i ES 2 UF EEE pong

40 The City Gardener.
his Health; but whatever is the contrary,
enereaſes his Diſtemper, and might even
cauſe his Death: And ſart nothing could
be more tending to his Detriment, 'than
wounding him when his Body was al-
ready weak and low ? But the Cutting
off a Limb would ſurely give ſo great a
Change in the Circulation of Juices, that
a ſick Man could not bear ; and a Per-
ſon in the beſt Stare of Health could
hardly endure. But I am gone far e-
nough upon this Head at preſent. In a
Word, 'tis not every Tree that will grow
in London, that will bear Pruning.

To fill up the Ground within the Quar-
ters, I recommend to plant the talleſt
Sort of Trees in the Middle of each
Quarter, and ſo to let them decreaſe in
their Stature till we come to the Hedge
Sides that encloſe them ; and all theſe
Plants ſhould be ſo order d, that an equal
Quantity of Ever-greens ſhould be plant-
ed with the reſt, becauſe of the Winter
Proſpect. The Part of the Quarters
which I mean, are mark d CCC, in
which all the Ever-greens I have men-
tion d, ſhould have their Place to ſhoot

freely

The City Gardener. 41
freely in their own Way; and as for, the
other Plants which are to accompany
them, I think they ſhould chiefly con:
fiſt of the White Thorn, Curran, Al;
mond, Pears kept in a Dwarf Manner,
Apples in the fame Way, and the flow-
ering Shrubs ; and of theſe it is chiefly
that I ſpeak, when I would, furniſh the
Inſides of the Quarters ; for thoſe Trees
which are apt to riſe higher, and become
greater in Bulk, would roo ſoon incum-
ber the Proſpect; and tis enough there-
fore, that what we plant here riſe two,
three or four Foot above the Hedges,
But then towards the Center, the middle
Walk DDD about it, may be planted
with Horſe-Cheſnuts, which will grow
regular, and riſe above the reſt of the
Wilderneſs-Plants ; and between the
Stems of theſe Trees, the Quarters of
Wilderneſs-Work would be look d into,
and yield a new Variety of Proſpect,
which I think ſhould be ſtudy d in every
Garden ; for the more Change there is in
a Garden, the more it is to be admired,
in my Opinioa.

From the inner Row to rhe Center 11

F ſhoul

42 The City Gardener.
ſhould be a Mount, cover'd with Trees
very cloſe ſer together ; and upon this
the Elm, the Lime, and others of the
talleſt Growth, ſhould be put. But by no
Means on the Outſide of ſuch a Square,
ſhould be planted any Trees that riſe
higher than the Wall or Patke-fide, be-
cauſe they will break the Proſpect of the
whole Deſign ; which ſhould by no Means
be interrupted next to the Houſes, by
which the whole is to be maintained. It
may be object ed perhaps, that at the firſt
Planting of tall growing Trees on the
Outſide, they will not much hinder the
Proſpect ; but we muſt then conſider,
chat they are planted to grow large, and
when they come to the deſired Perfecti-
on, they muſt ſtand in our Way, and re-
ſiſt our Sight, and ſo rob the Gentle-
men of that View which they have by
their Expence endeavour'd to gain.

But I ſhall not ſay much more upon this
Head, only that we may remark, that
large Pieces of Ground, ſuch as are in
the Squares I have mention d, may be put

into ſuch Order, as will contribute to the

Pleaſure and Happineſs of thaſe Gentle-

men

4 X — - — ww oy
-
— — — *
— — — 7 by — — = 1 ——_ - 2 A

— — —

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EF. 4 EEE 2

The City Gardener. 43
men who have Habitations in them. And
I have heard a learned Man ſay, that
where there was the greateſt Opportuni-
ty of recreating the Spirits, the Mind was
improved by that Opportunity; and that
a Mind ſo improv'd, found always the
neareſt Way to do Buſineſs, and fill the
Purſe. For as he tells me in the ſame
Letter, a Mind diſtracted, or confin'd,
is like baſe Money, that does not only
want a Currency in a Place, but muſt be
nail d down, to prevent any Inconveni-
ence its Progreſs might occaſion to the
Publick And ſo, as I have obſerv'd be-
fore, that moſt People love a Country
Proſpect, and are even pleaſed with the
moſt narrow View of it, I conceive the
adorning the Squares in the Rural Man-
ner I propoſe, will contribute much to

: the Eaſe of thoſe, who by their being
Great and Noble, are Inhabitants of ſuch
8 Places.

44 The City Gardener.

CHAP. III.

Of the Part of London next t be River
Thames; how far we may promiſe
our ſelves Succeſs in Gardening there.

F we begin at Veſtminſter, and come

towards the City, we mult firſt ſur-
vey that Garden which belongs to the
Right Honourable the Earl of Halifax,
near the Parliament-Houſe. We find there
not only many Plants that I have men-
tion d, but many others, which will not
do ſo well in Squares, which are ſituate
In the Middle of the Town.

After this, to come to Whitehall, the
late Mr. Heymen's had ſeveral Pots of
Flowers, both Auriculas and Carnations,
which bloſſom'd very well, as has been
related to me.

The Garden at Somerſet- * has alſo
been obſerv'd to produce ſeveral Varie-
ties of Things, which the more Inland
Parts of the Town have not generally
been garniſh'd with.

And the Temple Gardens have afforded
many

The City Gardener. 45
many Varieties of Plants; even Wall-
flowers, Stocks and Carnations have
grown there, and a good Number of Ex-
otick Plants. Theſe Places indeed lie all
to the Water, and to the Sun, ſo that they
are open on one Side to the Air; and per-
haps the conſtant riſing Vapour from
the River, helps the Plants againſt the
poiſonous Quality in the City Smoke.
Now we muſt confider, that in Places in
London, where every Part is encompaſs'd
with Smoke, and the Air is ſuffocated, or
wants its rrue Freedom ; Plants, which
generally are uſed to the open Air, will
not be always ſo healthful : and therefore
I have now made it my Buſineſs to con-
ſult what Plants will live even in the worſt
Air of Chimneys, and the moſt pent up
Air that we know. In my Chapter of
Adorning of Squares, T have already ſaid,
that moſt of the 'hor-bed Annuals will
grow well, and ſo will ſeveral Sorts of

bulboſe Roots, as the Crocus, Hyacinth»

and ſome others, even to laſt fome Years,

ifthey are planted in due Time, and taken
up ar a proper Seaſon, So the Lylac,

Vine; Mulbetry, Curran, -Sun-flowers,
. and

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46 The City (Gardener.
and moſt of what IT have named, will
grow very well, if they have a right
Care taken of them ; but I commonly
find that thoſe Perſons, who chiefly de-
light in adorning their Balconies, and
other convenient Parts of their Habita-
tions, with Greens or Flowers, have ſo
little Knowledge of the Matter, that they

too frequently lay out their Money up-
on thoſe Things which will not afford
them half ſo much Pleaſure as a Noſe»
gay, or common Baſon of Flowers. For
when Plants arc brought ro Marker in
Flower, ſuch as Tulips, Hyacinths, Nar-
ciſſus, and Roots of theſe Kinds, they
may be ſubject to two Inconveniences ;
either they become faint by being taken
out of the Ground when they begin to
flower, and ſo will not laſt half their
Time, or elſe they are brought from ſome
very clear Air into our thick Air, which
Change will never agree with them, I
have heard that in ſome Parts in England,
which are very watry, the People that
are born there, are healthful, and live to
great Ages; but if thoſe who are born
and bred in high Places of clear Air, come

to

The City Gardener. 47
to inhabit thoſe watry Countries, they
ſoon begin ro decline, and die in a ſhort
time ; and this Caſe may explain to us,
that Plants, which are brought to London
from a very clear Air, will not thrive with
us, or near ſo well as thoſe that have
been trained up within the Smoke of the
Town. And beſides, as I hinted before,
the moving them at wrong Times of the
Year, is the Occaſion that many have
been diſappointed.

But from my own Experience, I ſhall
put this into a better Light, that thoſe
curious Perſons in London, who delight
in Gardening, may not be impoſed upon
in buying ſuch Roots as can neither make
any good Show for the Time their Flow-
ers remain, nor will live till the ſecond ;
ſo that the Money laid out afcer this
Manner is loſt, and a common Bough-
Pot will make a better Appearance, and
laſt longer ornamental.

The Method therefore which ſhould
be taken to prevent this Miſchief, ſhould
be to buy the Roots of each Sort when
they are dry, and plant them abour the
End of September, or in October, in fine

| Earth ;

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48 The City Gardener.

Earth; and they will blow ſtrong and
well the following Spring, and remain
four times as long in Bloſſom, as any of

thoſe Roots that are brought to Market
in Flower.

When theſe have done blowing, and
the Stalk begins to grow dry, we ſhould
take the Roots out of the Ground; and
when they are dry d, put them in Papers,
and keep them, till the Planting Seaſon,
in ſome dry Place. Now as moſt of theſe
Roots, when we take them up, will have
ſome ſmall Roots or Off. ſets joining to
them, we muſt take care that ſuch young
Roots be taken from the old ones, for elſe
they would hinder the old Roots from
blowing the ſecond Year; and beſides,
it would be neceſlary, in cloſe Places e-
ſpecially, to have freſh Earth every Year
for them; for the Earth that has been uſed
a Year, has its Surface too much im-
pregnated with the London Soot, to keep
the Roots in Health: And beſides, the
little Quantity of Earth which can be
contain d in Caſes, Pots and Tubs, has its
Strength ſoon exhauſted, and would want

a a kictle rolrpſhing now and then, even if
they

The City Gardener. 49

they were to be always in the Country.
A very cutiods Gentleman, Mr. Traue,
of the Temple, told me, that he once;
at his Country-Seat, ſtrew'd a little Soot
upon the Surface of the Ground, about
ſome Tulips he had growing, and that
all the Roots which he had treated in that
Manner periſh'd ; which may ſhew us the
Neceſſity of refreſhing from Time to
Time, the Earth in the Boxes, Caſes, or
Borders, which ſtand too much in the
way of the ſooty London Smoke.

We muſt obſerve in the planting theſe
bulbous Roots, that we plant the round-
eſt and largeſt by themſelves, for they
are ſurely Blowers, but the flat and long
Roots will not blow till the Seaſon fol-
lowing.

With this Way of Management, I doubt
not but our London Gardens, however
ſmall they are, will be ornamental from
Year to Year, without the common Loſs
which now generally attends many of
them; and in a little Compals, there
may be a very agreeable Variety, beyond
what there has been, occaſion d, as I con-
ceive, fot the, want of Knowledge in the
Art. G But

go The City Gardener.
But to prevent any Hazard or Trou-

ble, it is generally thought the fureſt Way
to purchaſe freſh Roots from Year to

Year, which may be had at a very cheap
Rate. |

he

—yv

H N.
Of Court-Turds, and cloſe Places in the

CiTy.

HIS Part of City Gardening de-
pends upon more Skill than all
the reſt; for here we have little Liberty
of Air; and it has been thought difficult
ro provide ſuch Plants as would barely
live in ſuch Places: And alſo it has been

udged impoſſible, that any Plant ſhould
laft there in Health for any Time. Now

therefore, to remedy this Defect, I ſhall
from Experience give the Names of ſuch
Plants as will grow and proſper in the
cloſeſt Parts of London, viz.

The Lime-Tree.
The Lylac, with the white Flower.
The Lylac, with the blue Flower.

The

The City Gardener. 51
The Lylac, with the Purple Flower.
The Perſian Jeſſamin.

The Bladder Senna.

The Figg.

The Mulberry.

The Virginia Creeper.

The Vine.

The Common Privet.

The Angelica.

The Lillies.

The Perennial Sunflower.

The Martegons.

John Tradeſcant's Starwort.

London Pride.

Currans.

Elder.

Gilder-Roſe.

Theſe will remain good a long Time,
if they are well taken Care of; and to |
them we may join many Sorts of Annual |
Flowers, as French Marygold, African |
Marygolds, Annual Sunflower, &c.

As a farther Ornament to ſuch Places, |
we may add ſuch Plants and Flowers as
will make a good Summer Show ; and
theſe are the French Honeyſuckle, Pinks,
Daiſies of various Kinds, Dauble-Stocks,

G 2 Scatlet

AEK 2

— * A... — 4
— To es le a SIS —

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62 Te Gartlener.
Scatlet Lichneſs, Wall-flowers, Double-
Rockets, and Pots of bteeding Tulips,
which will blow much better than the
ſtriped Sorts. All theſe muſt be had in
Pots freſh from the Garden, juſt as they
begin to blow. There ate other Plants
which would likewiſe ſtand in fuch
Places, but that depends upon the Large-
neſs and Situarion of the Places they are
to be planted in; but I ſhall be ready at
any Time to adviſe what will do, if Tam
conſulted.

I have mention'd before, chat the Ly-
lacs will grow well in Squares'and open
Places; but they will allo make a very
good Show in the cloſeſt Parts of the
Town, as may be obſerved in Tavern-
Yards, and the moſt narrow Alleys and
mall Courts in and about the City.

The Bladder Senna T have feen grow
well in a Court in Crutched Fryers.

The Figg grows very well in fome cloſe
Places about Bridewell, altho encom-

paſs'd with Houſes on every Side, which
ate ſo high, that the Sun never reaches
them in Winter. Theſe Figg- trees are
about lifteen Foot hi E and are Green from

eas

The City Gardener. 33

neat the Ground to the Top; for which

Reaſon, I wonder it has not not been
more generally propagated in the City
Gardens; eſpecially ſince they will not
only thrive well in London, but bear good
Fruit too, if they are well pruned. I ſup-
poſe one Reaſon why this Plant has been
neglected is, becauſe the Pruning of the
Figg has been but little underſtood ; bur
ſince the new Way of Pruning has been
put in Practice, I have my ſelf had two
Crops of Figgs ripen upon a Tree in one
Year. And by this Pruning, there is
now a good Proſpect of Figgs this Year,
at the Reverend Dr. Bennett's Garden at
Cripplegate; and near the ſame Place,
there are now large Figg-Trees growing
well, tho' they have very little Air.

The Mulberry will grow very well in
the cloſeſt Courrs or Alleys in London.
There are now two large Mulberry-Trees
growing in a little Yard, abour ſixteen
Foot ſquare, at Sams Coffee-houſe in
Ludgate-ſtreet. There are two likewiſe,
at the Hall belonging to the Worſhipful
Company of Clothworkers, which have

food there many Years, and bear plen-
| tifully,

54 The City Gardener.
rifully, and ripen very well. Theſe may be
either planted in Tubs or Caſes, and treat-
ed as Standards, or nail'd againſt Walls.

The Creeper of Virginia is a Plant
well known to grow in the cloſeſt Places
in the Ciry, even where there is no Sun
ar all ; andif they are freſh raken our of
the Garden, and are healthful Plants, they
will make Shoots of fix or eight Foot
long the firſt Year: And for the Good of
their furure Growth, they ſhould be
prun d and nail'd at Autumn; for when
the Top Shoots are ſuffer'd to hang down,
{o as to cover the under Shoots, ſuch un-
der Shoots are apt to die, and the Plant
becomes thin ; and then again the Pru-
ning at this Seaſon, encourages the reſt
of the Plant to ſhoot ſtrong in the Spring,
and make large Leaves.

This Plant is likewiſe excellent for the
Ornament of Balconies and Windows,
and will grow ſo well in Pots or Caſes,
that it will ſoon cover the Walls, and
ſhade the Windows, if they lie expoſed
ro the Sun. I need not refer to any par-
ticular Place, where this may be obſery'd,
ſince there is hardly a Street, Court, or

| Alley

The City Gardener. 55
Alley in London, without ſome Examples
of what I relate of it.

The Vine will not only grow well in
cloſe Places, but likewiſe bear Fruit too
where there is very little Sun. Ar the
Roſe-Tavern without Temple bar, there is
a Vine that covers an Arbour, where the
Sun very rarely comes, and has had ripe
Grapes upon it; and at a Coffee - houſe
next to Grey's-Inn-Gate, there is now a
Vine which grows very well in a ſmall
Por, tho' it is conſtantly kept in a cloſe
Room ; this Year it was full of Leaves
before Chriſtmas.

The Common Privet will make a good
Show in very cloſe Places, if itis taken
freſh from the Garden, and proper Care
taken to water and prune it as it requires;
for the watering Part there is no certain
Times preſcribed for doing it, nor can the
Quantity of Water for it be exactly cal-
culated, becauſe ſome Plants are large,
ſome ſmall; the Pots or Caſes, as they
are larger and ſmaller, require more or
leſs; and alſo ſome Places will hold the
Earth longer moiſt than others. But this
muſt be left to the Judgment of every one,

and

.
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OO ek oo ATT oO PTR oC TT

66 The City Gardener;
and muſt be practiſed as Occaſion repre-
ſents, - which a little Uſe will teach, us.
It will be neceſlary now and then, for
the Welfare of this, and all other caſed
Plants, to (tir and looſen the Earth on the
Tops of the Pots or Caſes, which other-
wiſe would be apt to bind and grow hard,
to the hindrance of the Plants Growth.
Solikewiſe we ſhould from Time to Time
add a little freſh Earth to our Pots, by
which Means the Plants will become
more vigorous. At Bridewell, ſome
Places near Gu:/dhall, and at Alderman-
bury, there are Inſtances of this Plant's
good Thriving, even ſo much as to cover
Walls ſix or eight Foot high. This is
beſt prun'd in Winter,

We have Inſtances enough that An-
gelica will thrive very well, and make
an handſome Plant in the cloſeſt and
moſt ſmoaky Parts of the City; and 1

have lately ſeen Hops growing very vi-
gorouſly in a cloſe Alley near //hztecroſs
Street, which I am told bears Hops eve-
ry Year.

The Lilly, Martegon, and Perennial
Sun-Flower, I have delcrib'd elſewhere-:

But

1

6 0

| The. City Gardener.

57
But I may add thus much, that if we
were to plant of all their ſorts, there
might be a Succeſſion of their Flowers
for near three Months, for the diffe-
rent Sorts blow at different Times; and
we find by Experience that they will
live and thrive well in very cloſe Places,
even in the Heart of the City, and will
laſt ſeveral Years.

John Tradeſcant's Starwort, which I
have mention'd before, grows likewiſe
very well in the cloſeſt Places, and
will thrive well in Pots, if it be diſcreer-
ly managed, and make a good Show.

Currans conform themſelves well to
the City Smoak. There are many In-
ſtances of their growing well in' cloſe
Places, ſuch as Tavern-Yards, and e-
ven upon Leads on the Tops of Houſes
amidſt the Chimneys ; they may be ei-
ther kept in Pots or Caſes, giving them
gentle Waterings when neceſſary, and
not too much or too little at one Time,
which ſometimes injures the Plants; or
after a great Drought to give them a-

bundance at one Time, may occaſion

their Death - In ſuch a Caſe; their Wa-
| . H terings

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58 The City Gardener.
terings ſhould be moderate, and often
repeated to recover them ; for 'tis with
Plants as with Animals that have faſted
a long Time, their Food muſt be diſ-
pens'd to them by gentle Degrees, and
not too much at one Time, for fear of
ſurfeiting them. This Management re-
lates to all ſorts of Plants that require
Water.

The Elder will make a good Additi-
on to the Ornament of our cloſe Gar-
dens; and I am of Opinion might bear
Fruit in ſuch open Places, as the Squares
I mention, for it thrives well where no
Sun can come at it, and is very cloſely
encompaſs'd with Houſes ; there are
four Sorts of it, vis. that with the black
Berries, the white berry'd Elder, the
ſtriped leav'd Elder, and the Parſley leav'd
Elder ; every one of which make very
handſome Plants,

The Guilderoſe has likewiſe been
experienc'd to grow well in very cloſe
Places, and remain a long Time.

As for Annual Flowers, ſuch as French
Marygolds, African Marygolds, and
Annual Sun-flowers, I have given a De-

ſcription

The City Gardener. 89
fcriprion of them before ; they will do
very well in the cloſeſt Places, to be
planted juſt before they blow.

I may add likewiſe that Daiſies,
which are brought freſh out of the Gar-
den in Flower will make a good Show
a long while; and that Crocus's, if the
Roots are planted freſh every Autumn,
will bloffom very well, tho' the Winter
Sun does not reach them. I ſhall now
proceed to the adorning Balconies in
large Streets, which J account the Me-
dium between the moſt airy Places, and
the cloſeſt Parts of the City.

CHA-P. V.

Ornaments and Decorations for Balco-
nies, and the Outſides of Windows
in large Streets.

"HAT we may begin early in the

Spring to have a pleaſant Idea
of Gardening, and the Delights: of the
Country, I chink it neceſſary to obſerve,
H 2 that

60 The City Gardener.

that the Crocus, the Dwarf, flag Iris,
Breeding Tulips, Lillies, Martagons, may
be planted at Autumn, fo as to make a
beautiful Spring Appearance, eſpecially
where there are. Caſes or Borders of
Earth.

The Ever-greens which may accom-
pany them, and laſt the beſt, are the
Bay, Standard Ivy, Dutch and Engliſh
Box, Italian Eyer-green Privet ; and for
flowering Shrubs, the Lalac, Guildetoſe,
and Jeſlamines, where there is Sun, will
blow very well, as will likewiſe all thoſe
Flowers and Plants in Pots, which I
have mention'd for the Ornament of
cloſe Places.

The Flowers which may be brought
in to ſuch Places, a little before their

Bloſſom, in order to ſucceed thoſe that
are paſt their flowering, may be Polyan-
chos, Auriculas, Wall-flowers, Double
Stocks, Double Rockets, Pinks, Sweet
Williams, Province Roſe, Carnations,
French Hony- fuckles, Double Scarler
Lychneſs. |

But for one of the moſt laſting Beau-
=y in this Branch * Gardening, I

would

The City Gardener. Gt
would recommend Apple-Trees, grafted
upon Paradiſe Stocks, in Pots, which
will, where there is any tolerable Sun
and Air, proſper very well if rhey are
brought from the Gardens in Flowers.
I have known ſome Trees of this ſort
which have born ſucceſſively for five
| Years, without changing their Place, as
may be now obſerved at the Record
Office in the Tower of London, by the

Management of Mr. Holmes; and in

more cloſe Places, I have known ſome
of theſe Trees which have born three
Years ſucceſſively, by only lodging
them, towards Winter, in the Coun-
try, and bringing them back again to
London when in Bloom. We might till
add to the Ornaments for Balconies,
young Oranges and Mirtles, which would
yield a pleaſing Variety, and thrive very

well; but thoſe Orange-Trees that are

graffed, and will bloſſom and bear Fruit,
will do much better in Chambers, tho'in
the Summer Time, than ſtand out of
Doors, tho? there are Inſtances 'of the

latter in London.
7 There's is hardly any Annual which'i is
men-

S 1 —__ — - - — 9 Wm
<P — 2 ———

62 The City Gardener.

mentioned for the Squares that will nor
make ſome Show in ſuch Balconies
where the Sun and Air is free, ſo that
we are at little Loſs for Ornaments for
ſuch Places; and as Water in London
may be generally brought as high as a
Balcony, it might be ordered ſo as to
play now and then in a little Stream, or
Jett from ſome Figure, or Piece of Rock
Work, proportion'd to the Bignefs of the
Balcony or Leads where we have our
Garden. There has been a long Time
a Fountain in che Manner I ſpeak of at
a Plummer's the upper End of the Hay
Market, near Piccadilly; or if ſuch a
Figure ſhould not be agreeable, a Mo-
del might be made from ſome of the
Waterworks in Verſailles Gardens, to be
fixed at Pleaſure to the Water-Pipe, and
changed for others if we faw conveni-

ent. |
To the Plants T have mention d, we
may add many ſorts of Aloes, which
will do very well in London; and alſo
ſome of thoſe ſtrange Plants call d
Torch-Thiſtles, and alſo ſome ſorts- of
the Fig Marygolds on Ficoides. Mr.
. Fobber,

The City Gardener, 63

Jobber, a very curious Gentleman, in
Norfolk-Street, has cultivated ſeveral
Sorts of them with good Succeſs, and
preſerv'd them well in Winter, as well
as Summer, the Aloes eſpecially, which
ſhould have no Water from Michaelmas
till May; and in a much cloſer Place
than this, 2. e. Aldermanbury, Mr.
Smith an Apothecary has a very good
Collection of theſe ſucculent or juicy
Plants, which he has kept for many
Years.

The Aloes are fo ſurprizingly diffe-
rent from the other Plants of the Gar.
den, that I judge they. will contribute
very much to the Decoration and Beau-
ty of ſuch Places as I am now treating
of; for beſides the ſtrange Form and
Manner of their Growth, their Leayes
are in ſome Sorts ſpotted with White,

edged with Thorns, others with their

Leaves curl'd like Rams Horns; and a-
gain, others have their Leaves ſmooth
on the Edges, and cover d with white
Knobs, like Pearls; but it is almoſt im-
poſſible to expreſs all their Beauties: I
have now about thirty Sorts differing
very much from one another, But

6—.. 4 + K 3 — ER K 22 33 £# — -

64 The City Gardener.
But where there is not the Conveni-
ency of a Balcony, the Chambers of a
Houſe may have their Ornaments, which
may laſt well for a conſiderable Time,
eſpecially while Fires are not in uſe.
The Chimneys which are generally
dreſs d in Summer with fading Bough
Pots, might be as well adorn'd at once
with living Plants, as I have obſerv d
at her Grace's the late excellent Dur:
cheſs of Beaufort.

If one was to have a Pyramid of
Shelves to be cover'd with Pots of bloſ-
ſoming Orange-Trees, with Fruit upon
them, intermixt with Mirtles, Aloes,
ec. for Variety-ſake, it would be ex-
tremely beautiful for the Summer; and
the Pots, to add the greater Beauty,
might be of Delph Ware, or well pain-
ted, to ſtand in Diſhes, which are now
in Uſe; ſo that when we water the
Plants, the Water will not run —_
the Floor.

The Orange-Trees may be Le
to ſuch Places, either to be ſer in Chim-
neys, or in the Windows, when they
"ore in Flower, and remain till Auguſt,
m0 | and

|
,
©
N
it

1
7
t,
d

The. City Gardener. 6g
and then be ſent back; the Garden to
be taken Care of for the b at the
uſual Price.

Box ͤ or Privet to be Ain d up in a
Fan Faſhion, will do very well in Chim-
neys for a Summer, if they ate now
and then ſet abroad at Niglit, and in
Showers of Rain, and are regularly wa-
ter d; and with theſe we may alſo place
white Lillies taken up in Runches, juſt
as they are coming into Flower, and
potted they will make a gdod Show,
and will laſt beautiful a long Time, and
perfume the Houſe almoſt as well 28 a
Tuberoſe.

So likewiſe for Change we may ſet
Pots of Campenulas, which laſt in flow-
er a long Time, and; make a fine Ap-
pearance with their long Spikes of blue
Flowers, and yield a grareful Scent :
Bur all theſe, Things may be vary d ac-
cording to the Fancy of the Perſons
who delight in ſuch Ornaments. The
Aloes and Torch-Thiſtles, tho yet little
known in Landon, add an extraordina-
ry Gaiety to thoſe Plants I have men-

tion d for Chimneys, and require very
I little

66 Ne Cuy Gardener.
little Care, as I find from thoſe Gentle.
men in London, who . Ng
them of me. {

To further this Variery, lif we have
Convenience of a Place: to ſet Pots a-
broad, or without Doors, We may have
moſt of the: Amual Flowers to inter-
change from Time to SOR. | as it IT
eee proper.

Perhaps many that hieve: Sieden in
dende ati aequainted but Wirh few
Sotts of the Plants or Hewors, chat 1
have ſer down for beautifying the City
Gardens; cheit beſt Wy: therefore to
be inform d will be to view the Gardens
at Horton and other Places near the
Town;! where they may Ke'all the Va-
riety of Flowers that blow in the Spring,
Summer; aid Autumn Sdaſdas; and then
conſult wit che Gardenet about thoſe
they like bett, @«ſporially! which ſhould
be planted at Aurum, Us Which in
rhe Spring- 1811 it ni 30419

- 'The nett Thing to bo Bobsderd is
to have a Gardener of Judgment to ma-
nage u City Garden; ſor u Gardenet
mat Has been bred in the: Country, and
© 1321; 1 has

Tie Ciky Gardener. 67
has not had: Practice about the Town,
knows little more of managing a Gar-
den in London than one that is bred to
Plow and Cart.

There are many ignorant Pretenders,
who call at Houſes where they know
there is any Ground, let it be in Seaſon
or out of Seaſon, and tell the Owners
it is a good Time to dreſs and make up
their Gardens; and often impoſe on
them that employ them, by telling them
every Thing will do, when perhaps it is
a wrong Seaſon; for moſt ſorts of
Things they plant, and even few ſorts
of thoſe Plants they recommend, will
grow, tho they were to be planted in
a right Seaſon.

This is a great Diſcouragement, which
makes thoſe Perfons, who delight a little
in a Garden, neglect doing any Thing
at all, thinking all their Labour and
Coſt thrown away.

Another Diſappointment theſe Lovers
of Gardens meet with, is from the Mar-
kets; for maſt of thoſe People who ſell
the Trees and Plants in Stocks and other
Markets, are Fruiterers, who underſtand

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68 The City Gardener.
no more of Gardening than a Gardener
does the making up the Compound Me-
dicines of an Apothecary. They often
tell us the Plants will proſper, when
there is no Reaſon or Hopes of their
growing at all; for I and others have
ſeen Plants that were to be ſold in the
Markets, that were as uncertain of
Growth as a Piece of Noah's Ark would
be, had we it here to plant; but when
ſuch Plants arc bought at the Gardens
where they were raiſed, rhere can be no
Deccit, without the Gardener who ſold
them loſes his Character.

But as I ſuppoſe this chiefly happens
chrough the Ignorance of the Higglers
in Plants, ſo it is reaſonable -ro judge
that bred Gardeners, who have ſtudy'd
the Art, are the moſt proper Perſons to
be apply'd to in Gardening Affairs, ra-
ther than truſt to thoſe who haye ncyer.
had an Opportunity of knowing what a
Garden is: For my part, notwithſtand-
ing I have been about Forty Years in the
Buſineſs of Gardening, I find the Arr ſo

myſterious, - that the whole Life of a
Man may be employ'd in it, without

gain-

The City Gardener. 69
gaining a true Knowledge of every
Thing neceſſary to be done.

Bur this Miſchief is no new Thing a-
mong us, as we find plainly in the Pre-
amble to the Charter granted by King
James the Firſt, for eſtabliſhing a Cor-
poration and Company of London Gar-
deners, which then had a good Effect;
but afterwards being ſomewhat neglec-
red, King Charles, by Proclamation, or-
der'd the ſaid Charter to be pur in Force
in order to ſuppreſs thoſe Dealers in
Plants, which impoſed upon his Sub-
jets, by ſelling them unwarrantable
Goods.

Some People, perhaps, may be ſo ill-
natur d to think that I write this to hin-
der them of their Buſineſs ; but thoſe
who know me are very ſenſible J am ra-
ther for promoting than diſcouraging
thoſe Men of the Trade who are fair
Dealers; nor can it be out of Self. Inte-
reſt that I publiſh this, ſeeing already I
have a Share of the Gardening Buſineſs:
Therefore I deſire all rhat read it will
have the ſame View I have in writing

of it, which is purely for the publick
Service. | Tho'

7 Ned Gardener.

... Tho'L 2 conſin d my. ſelf in theſe
Papers, to the Management or Ordering
of City Gardening only, yet it is not
to be underſtood that my Practice is a-
lane conſined to that, The many Ex-
periments I am now making i in my Gar-
dens, for the Improvement of all ſorts of
Fruits, Flowers, and Trees, at theRequeſt
of ſeveral Gentlemen in the Country, who
are my Cuſtomers; were 1 here ro in-
ſert an Account of them, would make a
Work much larger than I deſign at this
Time; or indeed would it be very pro-
per to joyn with my preſent Subject;
but it is likely I may find Time to of-
fer theſe aud ſome other Experiments to
the publick hereafter, for 'the further
Confirmation of the Generation of
Plants, and the Circulation of Sap.